What Is Monkeypox: What Arizona Residents Need To Know

ARIZONA — With Arizonans tired of news about the COVID-19 pandemic, there's a new disease that has some people worried: A single case of monkeypox was reported Wednesday in Massachusetts.

Monkeypox, which usually infects people in central and west Africa, is a rare, potentially serious viral infection that typically starts with flu-like symptoms and lymph node swelling before covering the body in a rash or “pox.” Those who fall ill with the disease could remain sick for up to four weeks, Massachusetts health officials said in a news release. Officials said the case poses no risk to the general public and the sick person is in good condition.

There are currently no suspected or confirmed cases of monkeypox in Maricopa County, said Sonia Singh, public information officer for the Maricopa County Department of Public Health.

"Maricopa County Department of Public Health is working with CDC to follow any local close contacts of travelers with confirmed Monkeypox infection," Singh said in an email. "This follows our usual protocols of working with state and national agencies when there is possibility of travel-related disease transmission."

The health department recommends that locals read up on the health risks present in their travel destinations, before heading out on a trip. Travelers are advised to get all recommended vaccinations before their trip and to be on the lookout for symptoms during and after their trip. And as always, the department recommends frequent handwashing, avoiding people who are sick, and staying home if you are sick.

Here are five things Arizona residents need to know about monkeypox:

1. How Is Monkeypox Spread?

Monkeypox isn’t easily spread; it usually occurs through bites or scratches from rodents and small mammals, preparing wild game or coming into contact with an infected animal. Individuals can also be infected through contact with infected people, their clothing or bedsheets.

• Related: Monkeypox Case, First In U.S., Confirmed

It enters the body the way infections normally do, through breaks in the skin — even microscopic cuts — and through the eyes, nose or mouth, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Animals can spread it to humans in multiple ways, including through bites and scratches, but also as their meat is being prepared for human consumption. Person-to-person transmission occurs “primarily through large respiratory droplets” that generally can’t travel far, according to the CDC.

2. Why Is It Called Monkeypox?

The first case of the disease was found in monkeys kept for research in 1958, according to the CDC. The first human case was reported about a decade later, in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Monkeypox is primarily found in central and western African countries, including in Nigeria, where about 450 cases have been reported since 2017, according to the CDC.

3. How Did Monkeypox Get Here?

The Massachusetts man diagnosed with the first U.S. confirmed case this year had recently traveled to Canada. Suspected cases in other parts of the world almost certainly mean more U.S. monkeypox cases will be detected, the CDC warned Wednesday.

“Given that we have seen now confirmed cases out of Portugal, suspected cases out of Spain, we’re seeing this expansion of confirmed and suspect cases globally, we have a sense that no one has their arms around this to know how large and expansive it might be,” Jennifer McQuiston, deputy director of the CDC’s division of high consequence pathogens and pathology, told STAT, a health news website.

“And given how much travel there is between the United States and Europe, I am very confident we’re going to see cases in the United States,” she said.

Canadian health officials are investigating over a dozen suspected cases, according to CBC News.

In the U.K., where nine cases have been reported, health officials believe there is community spread of the illness.

4. Have There Been Other U.S. Monkeypox Outbreaks?

U.S. monkeypox illnesses are rare, but they have happened. They include two cases last year related to travel from Nigeria, and a 2003 outbreak tied to 47 infected pet prairie dogs imported from Ghana. All the people infected in the 2003 monkeypox outbreak had contact with the animals, according to the CDC.

One thing that is different with the current monkeypox cases is they are appearing in people who haven’t traveled from Africa. Still, U.S. and European health officials stress the risk to humans is very low, The Associated Press reported.

5. Is There A Treatment?

Monkeypox and smallpox symptoms are similar, and the same vaccine that eradicated smallpox around 1950 curbed monkeypox in humans, according to research published in 2005 documenting a re-emergence of monkeypox.

The World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated in 1980, and smallpox vaccines were discontinued, giving “rise to increasing susceptibility to monkeypox virus infection in the human population,” the researchers wrote.

The CDC said there’s no data available on the efficacy of a handful of antiviral drugs to treat monkeypox, though they have been effective in treating similar pox viruses in humans and animals.