Commercial Fishing Vs Commercial Ocean Wind Turbine Farms

Electromagnetic Fields & Noise

Federal Study Shows Socio-Economic Impact of Ocean Wind Turbines

Socio-Economic Impact of Outer Continental Shelf Wind Energy Development on Fisheries in the U.S.

Atlantic Volume II—Appendices

U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Office of Renewable Energy Programs

Page 168

IV.i.ii Impact of Electromagnetic Fields

"Research on the effect of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on a variety of species is ongoing, following concerns regarding the behavioral and ecological impacts of submarine cables associated with offshore WEAs. Some fishes such as elasmobranchs, which include spiny dogfish and most species within the NE Skate Complex, are known to sense EMF, and other fishes including sturgeon may also be affected. "

IV.i.iii Impact of Noise

"Noise during the construction phase (e.g., pile driving) and during the operational phase (i.e., turbine vibration under operating conditions) may alter the behavior and commercially exploitable biomass of fishes in the vicinity of the developed WEAs. Research on fish hearing has been performed for more than 50 years, but large knowledge gaps in the understanding of the relationship between hearing mechanism and sound production, and its relevance to fish behavior persist"

https://www.boem.gov/ESPIS/5/5581.pdf