Point, Counterpoint: The State Of American Media, Lack Of Trust, What To Do

Point: "Americans' Trust In Media Is Broken; Here's How To Fix It"

By Carrie Sheffield

Americans’ trust in the national news media is low and getting worse. Mainstream journalism has lost the respect of much of the public, though soul-searching and changes by the industry could reverse this trend.

A new study by Media Insight Project funded by The Associated Press and the University of Chicago found bedrock journalism values are respected less by much of the general public than other competing moral values. For example, the study reported that “people who put more emphasis on authority and loyalty tend to be more skeptical about fundamental journalism principles.” A mere 11 percent of Americans fully support all five of the journalism values tested. The study advises journalists to rethink how they frame their content to better resonate with broader audiences.

This new study doesn’t surprise conservatives like me at all. A Gallup public opinion survey of Americans’ trust in institutions released near the start of the COVID-19 pandemic found eight of the nine institutions studied received a majority positive ratings — led by U.S. hospitals, with 88 percent approval. The media ranked dead last, and only the media received more negative than positive marks.

Tracking the nosedive in the media’s reputation, Gallup’s editor in chief Mohamed Younis told me that Gallup polling in the time of President Richard Nixon’s impeachment showed 70 percent of Americans had confidence in the honesty of the media, yet today, only 40 percent of Americans say the same. Gallup has tracked a general decline in trust, but the drop is most pronounced among Republicans. When we spoke, Younis said 41 percent of independents approve of the media’s work during the COVID-19 crisis, compared to 68 percent of Democrats but just 16 percent of Republicans.

A 2018 poll by Monmouth University found 77 percent of Americans believe that traditional media outlets publish fake news, an increase from 2017, when 63 percent of respondents said the same. Journalists would be wise to understand that a stunning 65 percent of Americans, according to Monmouth, said fake news applies to how media outlets make editorial decisions, while just 25 percent said fake news applies solely to media outlets spreading inaccurate information.

That means the term “fake news” is a much broader concept for most Americans than just misreporting facts — it has to do with newsrooms’ value judgments about what to publish and air. Conservatives often feel as though the media refuses to give full context and equal representation of conservative people and ideas — this is what many people mean when they say “fake news.”

In 2020, Monmouth also found that 76 percent of Republicans believed social media giants — which give millions of dollars to news outlets to create content and are widely responsible for spreading news media stories — could be held liable for bias in handling user content. The study found that then-President Donald Trump’s executive order to examine how social media sites could be held liable for bias was supported by 46 percent of independents and just 16 percent of Democrats. This vast discrepancy in how Republicans vs. Democrats view social media bias suggests news organizations should think carefully about how their partnerships with tech firms lead some audiences to feel they are being treated unfairly.

Part of the media’s value gaps can be explained by data from Pew Research, which in 2004 surveyed more than 500 reporters and editors. It found 34 percent of those in the national media identified themselves as liberal, but only 7 percent conservative. This contrasted with the 20 percent of the general public who described themselves as liberal and 33 percent as conservative. A 2014 survey by Indiana University found that only 7.1 percent of journalists called themselves Republicans, but 28.1 percent self-identified as Democrats. Are most journalists aware of this lopsided worldview among their ranks?

Part of journalists’ blind spots could stem from what another Pew study found: Americans from the Midwest and South — which generally have more conservative social mores — are severely underrepresented in online journalism. Pew’s analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data found workers from the South make up 37 percent of all American workers but just 21 percent of internet news publishing and broadcasting workers. And Midwestern workers comprise 22 percent of the American workforce overall but just 10 percent of online journalists.

Beyond the digital newsroom, more broadly speaking, one in five U.S. newsroom employees live in New York, Los Angeles, or Washington, D.C., yet those three cities are home to only 13 percent of all U.S. workers, according to Pew.

Progressives in the media these days speak of “equity” and “inclusion,” but the question is whether they’ll include better ideological diversity in their work moving forward. America’s national unity depends upon it.

Carrie Sheffield is a visiting fellow at the Independent Women’s Forum. She wrote this for InsideSources.

Counter-point: "The Path To Restoring Journalism As A Pillar Of Our Democracy"

By Yosef Getachew and Jonathan Walter

Dorothy Butler Gilliam, the first Black woman reporter at The Washington Post, said in 2019, “When journalists are being called ‘an enemy of the people,’ and Black women reporters, and other reporters, are being called names and treated with such disrespect, I think it’s just so important to remind people of the importance of the media.”

Robust, quality journalism, particularly at the local level, is undoubtedly critical for a functioning democracy. It supports civic engagement and provides communities with vital information on issues such as health care, public safety, and economic development. Journalism provides the tools necessary for a well-informed public and sustainable self-government.

Unfortunately, journalism today is unable to meet the civic information needs of our nation’s communities. This is not particularly surprising given that journalism has been facing a decline for years. Waves of media consolidation have led to newspapers laying off nearly half of their employees since 2008. Hedge funds, which own controlling stakes in local and regional newspapers across the country, have implemented cost-cutting strategies that have significantly diminished newsrooms. Thousands of communities now live in news deserts — places with little to no access to local news.

Despite the diversity that makes up our nation’s communities, there are still significant gaps in what news stories the media covers and what issues are presented as part of our civic discourse. This is directly tied to the abysmal rates at which women and people of color own broadcast stations. A media ecosystem where women and people of color are not present in programming, newsroom jobs, and ownership rates cannot truly capture the needs and interests of all communities.

Infotainment has also diminished the quality of journalism today. Take the media’s coverage of Donald Trump’s candidacy in 2016 for example. Modern journalism’s emphasis on “horserace coverage” over issue-based reporting let then-candidate Trump receive nearly $2 billion in free media. At least one executive claimed the constant coverage of Trump was profitable for his media company. In many cases, excessive commercialization of media has replaced in-depth, investigative journalism.

Thankfully there are solutions to revitalize journalism to meet our civic information needs.

For starters, Congress can fund journalism that puts real dollars behind local media, and community, and public media of all kinds. Funds should be targeted at preserving newsrooms and reporting jobs at local commercial and nonprofit news outlets, and investments to address the civic-information needs of communities most affected by the long-term decline of local news.

Getting immediate funding for traditional news organizations is just a short-term solution, however. We also should be thinking long-term about how journalism can meet the civic information needs of our communities in the 21st century.

In 2011, the FCC published a report making recommendations on how the information needs of communities can be met in a changing media landscape. A decade later, a lot has changed. While consolidation and news deserts have only grown worse, social media platforms are now dominating the advertising market, making the ad-driven business model for journalism unsustainable. Further, while more than 80 percent of people get their news online, we continue to lack a model for robust, independent online news, particularly at the local level. Policymakers need to take a fresh look at identifying what the information needs of our communities are today in the current landscape and make recommendations for sustainable, robust journalism.

The FCC can also take steps to support local journalism, fulfilling its public interest mandate to ensure our media ecosystem reflects our values of localism, competition, and diversity. It can start by strengthening media ownership rules and promoting ownership diversity. Instead of rubber-stamping every merger that comes knocking on its door, the agency should exercise the authority it has been given by Congress and stop the tidal wave of consolidation that has occurred over the past two decades.

The challenges to our current media landscape are multi-layered that require bold solutions. In order to revive journalism as a pillar of our democracy, we need a vibrant ecosystem with diverse and independent voices, investigative reporting that holds power accountable, and robust reporting that can meet the information needs of our communities today.

Yosef Getachew is the media and democracy program director and Jonathan Walter is the media and democracy program fellow at Common Cause, a nonpartisan advocacy organization based in Washington. They wrote this for InsideSources.com.

This story was originally published by the NH Journal, an online news publication dedicated to providing fair, unbiased reporting on, and analysis of, political news of interest to New Hampshire. For more stories from the NH Journal, visit NHJournal.com.