Orionid Meteor Shower Peak Nears: When To See Fireballs In PA

PENNSYLVANIA — The Orionid meteor shower peak this weekend is worth getting outside for, weather permitting, in the Keystone State.

The Orionids, considered one of the most beautiful shooting star shows of the year, peak Friday and Saturday with clear-sky rates of about 23 meteors an hour.

The National Weather Service forecast calls for rain and clouds to start the weekend, with clearing up by Saturday. The moon, at about 37 percent illuminated this weekend, won’t cause too much interference. The hours just after midnight offer the best chances to see meteors.

Although viewers can expect to see a modest number of meteors under perfect conditions, what makes the Orionids so spectacular is their incredible speed — only the Leonids, which peak in mid-November, are faster, according to NASA Science.

The Orionids zip through the sky at about 41 miles per second, or around 148,000 miles per hour. Meteors that fast can leave glowing trains — that is, incandescent bits of debris that can last several seconds or even minutes — and also can become fireballs.

“Look for prolonged explosions of light when viewing the Orionid meteor shower,” NASA said, adding, “The Orionids are also framed by some of the brightest stars in the night sky, which lend a spectacular backdrop for these showy meteors.”

The radiant — the point in the sky from which the Orionids appear to come — is the constellation Orion. The constellation is only named to aid viewers and is not the source of the meteors, NASA said.

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“It is actually better to view the Orionids from 45 to 90 degrees away from the radiant,” NASA explained. “They will appear longer and more spectacular from this perspective. If you do look directly at the radiant, you will find that the meteors will be short. This is an effect of perspective called foreshortening.”

For the best chances to see shooting stars, get as far away as possible from city lights. Be prepared to settle in, so take along a sleeping bag, blanket or lawn chair. For the best vantage point, lie flat on your back with your feet facing southeast, so you can take in as much of the sky as possible.

Your eyes should adjust to the darkness after 30 minutes, and you’ll begin to see meteors. The show should be visible until dawn, according to NASA.

Meteors come from leftover comet particles — in this case, Halley’s Comet — and broken asteroids.

“When comets come around the sun, the dust they emit gradually spreads into a dusty trail around their orbits,” NASA explained. “Every year the Earth passes through these debris trails, which allows the bits to collide with our atmosphere where they disintegrate to create fiery and colorful streaks in the sky.”

In some years, the Orionids have spit out as many as 80 meteors an hour, but that hasn’t happened in recent years.

The shower is active through Nov. 22, intersecting with the Southern and Northern Taurids, a long-running meteor shower that is unique in that it consists of two separate streams. Together, they run from mid-October through early December, according to the American Meteor Society.