West Nile Virus Cases Steady In FL, Data Shows

FLORIDA — West Nile virus cases are at a steady pace in Florida, according to CDC and public health data.

West Nile, a disease transmitted through bites from infected mosquitoes, can primarily sicken birds. However, the virus could also be transmitted to humans, horses and other animals, according to a fact sheet from the Georgia Department of Health.

The main source of transmission is through the mosquito species Culex genus, Nancy Nydam, the Georgia DPH director of communications, told Patch.

"When a mosquito bites a bird that has the virus, it can become infected, too," Nydam said in an interview with Patch. "Then, if that mosquito bites a person, it can pass on the virus and make them sick."

Mosquito season is from March-October in Florida, where the subtropical climate and habitat diversity creates a haven for mosquitoes, according to the University of Florida Emerging Pathogens Institute.

According to the institute, mosquito activity ramps up when temperatures are in the upper 70s-90s.

"As long as mosquitoes are active, and we know WNV is circulating, elevated risk exists," Nydam said.

As of Sept. 10, there were three human cases of the West Nile in Florida, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The CDC reported human West Nile cases in Duval County (one), Walton County (one) and Marion County (one).

The Florida Department of Health said, as of the week of Sept. 8, a Bay County resident contracted the virus. During the week prior, another Duval case had been reported.

Twenty-seven chickens in central Florida, near Pasco and Hillsborough counties, and other parts of the state had been infected the virus both weeks. The virus had also spread to Sarasota and Pinellas counties chickens.

At about this time last year, Florida health officials reported no human cases of West Nile and much less cases of the virus in chickens.

“Every mosquito bite is a chance to get infected,” said medical geographer Sadie Ryan, an associate professor in UF’s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and an EPI member, in an Emerging Pathogens Institute report. “It’s important to be aware of local disease risks and take preventative measures to protect yourself.”

While some people may not experience symptoms or may have mild symptoms, such as a fever or headache, the Georgia DPH said West Nile can prompt a more severe illness such as one that can impact the brain.

Here are Mild Symptoms of West Nile

• Fever: Most people with WNV infection develop a fever, often accompanied by chills.
• Headache: Headaches are a common symptom, which can range from mild to severe.
• Body Aches: Muscle aches (myalgia) and joint pain (arthralgia) can occur, affecting multiple areas of the body.
• Fatigue: Feeling tired or exhausted (fatigue) is frequently reported.

Here are Moderate to Severe Symptoms of West Nile

• High Fever: Some individuals may experience a high fever (over 38°C or 100.4°F).
• Neck Stiffness: Stiffness in the neck or back may be present, which can make it difficult to bend the neck forward.
• Headache and Body Aches: Severe headaches and muscle or joint pain can occur.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Some people may experience nausea and vomiting.
• Swollen Lymph Nodes: The lymph nodes in the neck or other areas of the body may become enlarged.
• Rash: A rash may develop on the trunk of the body or other parts, although it is less common.
• Neurological Symptoms: In rare cases, WNV can cause severe neurological complications, such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord). Neurological symptoms can include high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, disorientation, tremors, seizures, muscle weakness, and even paralysis.

How to Prevent West Nile Virus Infections

• Dusk/Dawn: Mosquitoes carrying West Nile Virus usually bite at dusk and dawn. Limit outdoor activity during those hours.
• Dress: Wear loose-fitting, long-sleeved shirts and pants to reduce the amount of exposed skin.
• DEET: Cover exposed skin and clothes with an insect repellent containing the chemical DEET. It is the most effective repellant against mosquito bites.
• Drain: Empty any containers (buckets, barrels, kiddie pools) holding standing water to prevent breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
• Doors: Make sure doors, windows and screens are in good condition and fit tightly to keep out mosquitoes.

How to Reduce Mosquito Breeding

• Remove water-holding containers
• Change water frequently in pet dishes
• Change bird bath water at least twice a week
• Avoid using saucers under outdoor potted plants

Treatment of West Nile

Symptom Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help alleviate fever, headache, and body aches. It's important to follow the recommended dosage and consult a healthcare professional if needed, especially for children or individuals with underlying medical conditions.

Rest and Fluids: Getting plenty of rest and staying hydrated is essential for the body to recover from the infection. Drinking water and fluids can help prevent dehydration.

Medical Monitoring: Individuals with severe or neuroinvasive forms of West Nile virus, such as encephalitis or meningitis, may require hospitalization for close monitoring, supportive care, and symptom management. This may include intravenous fluids, pain control, and treatments to reduce brain swelling or seizures.

Complication Management: Some individuals may experience complications due to West Nile virus infection, such as respiratory or neurological problems. These complications will be addressed and treated accordingly by healthcare professionals.