Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. As a result, bones become brittle and fragile. According to recent statistics from the International Osteoporosis Foundation, 1 in 3 women over the age of 50 years and 1 in 5 men will experience osteoporotic fractures in their lifetime. Risk factors include excessive use of alcohol and tobacco, lacking exercise, Low dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D, long-term use of steroids, women with low estrogen levels due to menopause, removal of ovaries or ovaries are not working properly; men with low testosterone level. Osteoporosis has no clinical manifestations until there is a fracture. Fractures may cause chronic pain, disability, and death. Hip fractures are associated with a 15–20% increased mortality rate within 1 year, with a higher mortality rate in men than in women, followed by a 2.5-fold increased risk of future fractures. Approximately 20–50% of hip fracture patients require long-term nursing home care and suffer from decreased quality of life, social isolation, depression, and loss of self-esteem.
Osteoporosis can be diagnosed and prevented with effective pharmacological and lifestyle management. Therefore, early intervention can reduce the huge medical and economic burden of patients and the public.