West Nile Virus Cases Rising In GA, Data Shows

GEORGIA — West Nile virus cases are at a steady increase in Georgia, according to CDC data and public health officials.

West Nile, a disease transmitted through bites from infected mosquitoes, can primarily sicken birds. However, the virus could also be transmitted to humans, horses and other animals, according to a fact sheet from the Georgia Department of Health.

The main source of transmission is through the mosquito species Culex genus, Nancy Nydam, the DPH director of communications, told Patch.

"When a mosquito bites a bird that has the virus, it can become infected, too," Nydam said in an interview with Patch. "Then, if that mosquito bites a person, it can pass on the virus and make them sick."

She said mosquito season in Georgia goes into October but could sometimes last until November due to weather conditions.

The Peach State annually experiences cases of West Nile, Nydam noted.

"As long as mosquitoes are active, and we know WNV is circulating, elevated risk exists," Nydam said.

She noted there were three human cases of West Nile in July and six cases in August.

As of Sept. 10, there were nine human cases of the virus in Georgia, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The CDC reported human West Nile cases in Hall County (one), Richmond (one), Chatham (one), DeKalb County (two), Fulton County (three) and Cherokee County (one).

Nydam said at about this time last year, Georgia had eight reported human cases of West Nile.

While some people may not experience symptoms or may have mild symptoms, such as a fever or headache, the DPH said West Nile can prompt a more severe illness such as one that can impact the brain.

Here are Mild Symptoms of West Nile

• Fever: Most people with WNV infection develop a fever, often accompanied by chills.
• Headache: Headaches are a common symptom, which can range from mild to severe.
• Body Aches: Muscle aches (myalgia) and joint pain (arthralgia) can occur, affecting multiple areas of the body.
• Fatigue: Feeling tired or exhausted (fatigue) is frequently reported.

Here are Moderate to Severe Symptoms of West Nile

• High Fever: Some individuals may experience a high fever (over 38°C or 100.4°F).
• Neck Stiffness: Stiffness in the neck or back may be present, which can make it difficult to bend the neck forward.
• Headache and Body Aches: Severe headaches and muscle or joint pain can occur.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Some people may experience nausea and vomiting.
• Swollen Lymph Nodes: The lymph nodes in the neck or other areas of the body may become enlarged.
• Rash: A rash may develop on the trunk of the body or other parts, although it is less common.
• Neurological Symptoms: In rare cases, WNV can cause severe neurological complications, such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord). Neurological symptoms can include high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, disorientation, tremors, seizures, muscle weakness, and even paralysis.

How to Prevent West Nile Virus Infections

• Dusk/Dawn: Mosquitoes carrying West Nile Virus usually bite at dusk and dawn. Limit outdoor activity during those hours.
• Dress: Wear loose-fitting, long-sleeved shirts and pants to reduce the amount of exposed skin.
• DEET: Cover exposed skin and clothes with an insect repellent containing the chemical DEET. It is the most effective repellant against mosquito bites.
• Drain: Empty any containers (buckets, barrels, kiddie pools) holding standing water to prevent breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
• Doors: Make sure doors, windows and screens are in good condition and fit tightly to keep out mosquitoes.

How to Reduce Mosquito Breeding

• Remove water-holding containers
• Change water frequently in pet dishes
• Change bird bath water at least twice a week
• Avoid using saucers under outdoor potted plants

Treatment of West Nile

Symptom Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help alleviate fever, headache, and body aches. It's important to follow the recommended dosage and consult a healthcare professional if needed, especially for children or individuals with underlying medical conditions.

Rest and Fluids: Getting plenty of rest and staying hydrated is essential for the body to recover from the infection. Drinking water and fluids can help prevent dehydration.

Medical Monitoring: Individuals with severe or neuroinvasive forms of West Nile virus, such as encephalitis or meningitis, may require hospitalization for close monitoring, supportive care, and symptom management. This may include intravenous fluids, pain control, and treatments to reduce brain swelling or seizures.

Complication Management: Some individuals may experience complications due to West Nile virus infection, such as respiratory or neurological problems. These complications will be addressed and treated accordingly by healthcare professionals.